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Medical Literature
Many medical studies have been published over the last decade that specifically address the health benefits of North American Ginseng including: diabetes,
cold and flu, memory, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, cancer, male sexual behaviour, antioxidant activity and cardiovascular protection, anti-human
immunodeficiency virus activity, anticonvulsant activity, neuro-protective effect during ischemia and analgesic effect.
| Diabetes |
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| Sievenpiper JL, Arnason JT, Leiter LA, Vuksan V. Decreasing, null and increasing effects of eight popular types of ginseng on acute postprandial glycemic indices in healthy humans: the role of ginsenosides. J Am Coll Nutr 2004 Jun;23(3):248-58. Read article > |
| Sievenpiper Jl, Arnason JT, Vidgen E, Leiter LA, Vuksan V. A systematic quantitative analysis of the literature of the high variability in ginseng (Panax spp.). Diabetes Care 2004 Mar;27(3):839-40. Read artictle > |
| Xie JT, Wu JA, Mehendale S, Aung HH, Yuan CS. Anti-hyperglycemic effect of the polysaccharides fraction from American ginseng berry extract in ob/ob mice. Phytomedicine 2004 Feb;11(2-3):182-7. Read article > |
| Sievenpiper JL, Arnason JT, Leiter LA, Vuksan V. Null and opposing effects of Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) on acute glycemia: results of two acute dose escalation studies. J Am Coll Nutr 2003 Dec;22(6):524-32. Read article > |
| Yeh GY, Kaptchuk TJ, Eisenberg DM, Phillips RS. Systematic review of herbs and dietary supplements for glycemic control in diabetes. Diabetes Care 2003 Apr;26(4):1277-94. Read article > |
| Sievenpiper JL, Arnason JT, Leiter LA, Vuksan V. Variable effects of American ginseng: a batch of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) with a depressed ginsenoside profile does not affect postprandial glycemia. Eur J Clin Nutr 2003 Feb;57(2):243-8. Read article > |
| Vuksan V, Sievenpiper JL, Xu Z, et al. Konjac-Mannan and American ginseng: emerging alternative therapies for Type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Am Coll Nutr 2001;20(5):370S-380S. Read article > |
| Vuksan V, Sievenpiper JL, Wong J, et al. American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) attenuates postprandial glycemia in a time-dependent but not dose-dependent manner in healthy individuals. Am J Clin Nutr 2001;73:753-8. Read article > |
| Vuksan V, Leiter LA, Stavro MP, et al. Similar postprandial glycemic reductions with escalation of dose and administration of American ginseng in Type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2000 Sep;23(9):1221-6. Read article > |
| Vuksan V, Sievenpiper JL, Koo VY, Francis T, Beljan-Zdravkovic U, Xu Z, Vidgen E. American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L) reduces postprandial glycemia in nondiabetic subjects and subjects with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arch Intern Med 2000 Apr;160(7):1009-13. Read article > |
| Vuksan V, Stavro MP, Sievenpiper JL, et al. American ginseng improves glycemia in individuals with normal glucose tolerance: effect of dose and time escalation. J Am Coll Nutr 2000;19(6):738-44. Read article > |
| Stavro MP, Woo M, Heim TF, Leiter LA and Vuksan V. North American Ginseng Exerts a Neutral Effect on Blood Pressure in Individuals with Hypertension. Hypertension.2005;46:1-6. Read article > |
| Cold and Flu |
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| Predy G, Goel V, Lovlin R, Shan J, Basu TK. Efficacy of COLD-fX®, a natural health product in the prevention of recurrent upper respiratory tract infections in a susceptible population: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine 2005;2(1):article 3. CAM Health Services and Policy Research in Canada – New Directions: abstracts from the First Annual IN-CAM Symposium, Dec 4-5, 2004, University of Toronto, Canada. Read article > |
| Wang M, Guilbert LJ, Li J, Wu Y, Pang P, Basu TK, Shan JJ. A proprietary extract from North American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium) enhances IL-2 and IFN-gamma productions in murine spleen cells induced by Con-A. Int Immunopharmacol 2004 Feb;4(2):311-5. Read article > |
| McElhaney JE, Gravenstein S, Cole SK, et al. A placebo-controlled trial of a proprietary extract of North American ginseng (CVT-E002) to prevent acute respiratory illness in institutionalized older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 2004 Jan;52(1):13-9. Read article > |
| Assinewe VA, Amason JT, Aubry A, Mullin J, Lemaire I. Extractable polysaccharides of Panax quinquefolius L. (North American ginseng) root stimulate TNFalpha production by alveolar macrophages. Phytomedicine 2002 Jul;9(5):398-404. Read article > |
| Wang M, Guilbert LJ, Ling L, et al. Immunomodulating activity of CVT-E002, a proprietary extract from North American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium). J Pharm Pharmacol 2001 Nov;53(11):1515-23. Read article > |
| Memory |
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| Rudakewich M, Ba F, Benishin CG. Neurotrophic and neuroprotective actions of ginsenosides Rb(1) and Rg(1). Planta Med 2001 Aug;67(6):533-7. Read article > |
| Sloley BD, Pang PK, Huang BH, et al. American ginseng extract reduces scopolamine-induced amnesia in a spatial learning task. J Psychiatry Neurosci 1999 Nov;24(5):442-52. Read article > |
| Benishin CG. Actions of ginsenoside Rb1 on choline uptake in central cholinergic nerve endings. Neurochem Int 1992 Jul;21(1):1-5. Read article > |
| Benishin CG, Lee R, Wang LC, Liu HJ. Effects of ginsenoside Rb1 on central cholinergic metabolism. Pharmacology 1991;42(4):223-9. Read article > |
| Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder |
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| Lyon MR, Cline JC, Totosy de Zepetnek J, Shan JJ, Pang P, Benishin C. Effect of the herbal extract combination Panax quinquefolium and Ginkgo biloba on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a pilot study. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2001;26(3);221-8. Read article > |
| Cancer |
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| Duda RB, Kang SS, Archer SY, Meng S, Hodin RA. American ginseng transcriptionally activates p21 mRNA in breast cancer cell lines. J Korean Med Sci 2001 Dec;16 Suppl:S54-60. Read article > |
| Duda RB, Zhong Y, Navas V, Li MZ, Toy BR, Alavarez JG. American ginseng and breast cancer therapeutic agents synergistically inhibit MCF-7 breast cancer cell growth. J Surg Oncol 1999 Dec;72(4):230-9. Read article > |
| Male Sexual Behaviour |
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| Murphy LL, Lee TJ. Ginseng, sex behaviour, and nitric oxide. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2002 May;962:372-7. Read article > |
| Murphy LL, Cadena RS, Chavez D, Ferraro JS. Effect of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium) on male copulatory behavior in the rat. Physiol Behav 1998 Jun;64(4):445-50. Read article > |
| Antioxidant Activity and Cardiovascular Protection |
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| Mehendale S, Aung H, Wang A, Yin JJ, Wang CZ, Zie JT, Yuan CS. American ginseng berry extract and ginsenoside Re attenuate cisplatin-induced kaolin intake in rats. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2005 Mar; [Epub ahead of print] Read article > |
| Mehendale SR, Aung HH, Yin JJ, et al. Effects of antioxidant herbs on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in a rat-pica model. Am J Chin Med 2004;32(6):897-905. Read article > |
| Shao ZH, Xie JT, Vanden Hoek TL, et al. Antioxidant effects of American ginseng berry in cardiomyocytes exposed to acute oxidant stress. Biochim Biophys Acta 2004 Feb;1670(3):165-71. Read article > |
| Fu Y, Ji LL. Chronic ginseng consumption attenuates age-associated oxidative stress in rats. J Nutr 2003;133:3603-9. Read article > |
| Kitts DD, Wijewickreme AN, Hu C. Antioxidant properties of a North American ginseng extract. Mol Cell Biochem 2000 Jan;203(1-2):1-10. Read article > |
| Yuan CS, Attele AS, Wu JA, Lowell TK, Gu Z, Lin Y. Panax quinquefolium L. inhibits thrombin-induced endothelin release in vitro. Am J Chin Med 1999;27(3-4):331-8. Read article > |
| Li J, Huang M, Teoh H, Man RY. Panax quinquefolium saponins protect low density lipoproteins from oxidation. Life Sci 1999;64(1):53-62. Read article > |
| Anti-human Immunodeficiency Virus Activity |
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| Wang HX, Ng TB. Quinqueginsin, a novel protein with anti-human immunodeficiency virus, antifungal, ribonuclease and cell-free translation-inhibitory activities from American ginseng roots. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000 Mar;269(1):203-8. Read article > |
| Anticonvulsant Activity |
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| Lian XY, Zhang ZZ, Stringer JL. Anticonvulsant activity of ginseng on seizures induced by chemical convulsants. Epilepsia 2005 Jan;46(1):15-22. Read article > |
| Neuro-protective Effect During Ischemia |
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| Liu D, Li B, Liu Y, Attele AS, Kyle JW, Yuan CS. Voltage-dependent inhibition of brain Na(+) channels by American ginseng. Eur J Pharmacol 2001 Feb;413(1):47-54. Read article > |
| Analgesic Effect |
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| Yang JC, Pang CS, Tsang SF, Ng KF. Effect of American ginseng extract (Panax quinquefolius) on formalin-induced nociception in mice. Am J Chin Med 2001;29(1):149-54. Read article > |
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